How Much Fluoride Is Too Much? Understanding Fluorosis

Fluoride has long been recognised as an essential element for protecting our teeth from numerous dental issues, including the most common—decay. However, what do we really know about fluoride? 

Is there such a thing as “too much fluoride?”

Well, actually, there is. Too much fluoride, particularly during early childhood, can lead to a condition known as dental fluorosis. Many dentists see fluorosis mainly as a cosmetic concern, but we understand that as parents and guardians, it’s also important for you to get to know how much fluoride is “too much” to ensure children’s oral health. 

Let’s explore more about what benefits we can get from fluoride, how fluorosis occurs, and what you can do to strike the right balance in fluoride intake. 

The Role of Fluoride in Oral Health 

What is Fluoride? 

Fluoride is an element that may help protect our teeth from getting decayed—that’s why it’s often present in toothpaste. Luckily, in some parts of Australia, it is a naturally occurring mineral that’s present in our drinking water. 

It helps prevent tooth decay by strengthening enamel, the outer layer of teeth, making it more resistant to acid and bacteria. 

How Fluoride Benefits Teeth 

• Strengthens Enamel: Fluoride changes the composition of enamel, making it harder and more resistant to decay. 

• Protects Against Cavities: Regular fluoride exposure reduces the risk of developing cavities and can even reverse early signs of decay. 

• Essential for Children’s Teeth: Fluoride is already present in our teeth, especially in children’s teeth. It is also more important that they have this as their teeth are still developing to help create strong and healthy enamel. 

In Australia, The National Health and Medical Research Council recommends that the fluoride level in drinking water is approximately 0.6-1.1 milligrams of water per litter of water, while most toothpaste contains about 1-1.5 milligrams/gram, ensuring your teeth get adequate protection it needs when used correctly. 

Now that we already understand how important fluoride is to our teeth, let’s look at dental fluorosis and its effects on teeth. 

What is Dental Fluorosis? 

Understanding Dental Fluorosis 

Dental fluorosis is actually something that happens mostly with young kids. It occurs when young children consume too much fluoride while their teeth are still developing. This can happen if a child swallows toothpaste, drinks unregulated high-fluoride water, or receives excessive fluoride from other sources. 

Signs of Fluorosis 

• Mild Fluorosis: White streaks or spots on the enamel. 

• Moderate to Severe Fluorosis: Brown discolouration, streaks, or pits on the teeth. 

It’s important to note that fluorosis usually develops in children under the age of 8, as this is when permanent teeth are forming beneath the gums. Once the permanent ones emerge, they are no longer at risk of developing fluorosis. 

Is Fluorosis Dangerous? 

One of the many questions we get from parents and guardians is if fluorosis is dangerous. While the appearance of dental fluorosis may be concerning, the condition is not harmful to overall oral health. 

In fact, teeth that are affected by fluorosis have quite an advantage because they are often stronger and more resistant to decay than teeth without fluorosis. 

In Australia, fluorosis is rare due to the careful regulation of fluoride levels in drinking water. Cases of severe fluorosis are even less common and typically occur in areas with unregulated fluoride sources. 

For most people, fluorosis is a cosmetic issue rather than a health concern. 

How Much Fluoride Is Too Much? 

The amount of fluoride considered safe actually depends on the age. 

Recommended Daily Fluoride Intake 

• Children Under 3 Years Old: Up to 2 mg per day. 

• Children Aged 3 to 8 Years: Up to 2 mg per day. 

• Individuals Over 8 Years Old: 5–10 mg per day. 

Sources of Excessive Fluoride 

• Swallowing Toothpaste: A pea-sized amount of toothpaste contains approximately 2 mg of fluoride, which is the maximum daily intake for young children. So, ideally, we recommend using half a rice grain amount of toothpaste in children under 3years.  Using a tiny amount of an adequately fluridated toothpaste is more effective than a large amount of non fluoridated toothpaste.   

• Unregulated Water: In some parts of the world, unregulated water supplies may contain higher-than-recommended fluoride levels. Fortunately, Australia’s drinking water is carefully monitored. 

How to Prevent Fluorosis 

Preventing fluorosis involves using fluoride products responsibly, particularly for children under the age of 8. Here are some tips for you to do to prevent your child getting fluorosis: 

Tips to Prevent Fluorosis 

1. Supervise Toothbrushing 

• Use a tiny amount of adult-strength toothpaste—about the size of half a grain of rice—for children under 6. Regular adult toothpaste should be good to use.  

• encourage your child to spit out toothpaste rather than swallowing it. If they are unable to spit, it’s even more important to use only a tiny amount. 

2. Use the Right Toothpaste 

• Choose fluoride toothpaste that is appropriate for your child’s age. Many brands, like Colgate’s Minion Toothpaste (6+), offer higher-strength fluoride formulations to effectively protect teeth. 

• Using a small amount of stronger toothpaste is better than using too much low-fluoride toothpaste. The reason behind this is that the child will be more likely to ingest toothpaste if you use too much of it. Remember that it’s only okay for them to take up to 2 mg of fluoride a day; more of that will increase their chance of getting fluorosis. 

3. Be Aware of Hidden Sugars

• Sugary foods and drinks increase the risk of cavities. That’s why it’s best to limit these to reduce the need for fluoride treatments and keep your child’s teeth healthy. 

What to Do If Your Child Has Fluorosis 

If you notice signs of fluorosis, such as white or brown spots on your child’s teeth, the best solution you can do is to consult your dentist. Here are some treatment options that we recommend for our patients who have cosmetic concerns regarding their fluorosis: 

1. Teeth Whitening
   Mild cases of fluorosis can be addressed with professional whitening treatments to improve the appearance of the enamel.
2. Bonding or Veneers
   For more severe cases, treatments like dental bonding or veneers can help cover discolouration and restore a natural look to the teeth. 

Striking the Right Balance 

Fluoride is an essential part of maintaining strong and healthy teeth—but just like anything else, using it in moderation is the solution, especially for young children. By supervising your child’s toothbrushing, using the right amount of fluoride toothpaste, and being mindful of other fluoride sources, you can prevent fluorosis while protecting your child’s teeth from decay. 

If you’re concerned about fluorosis or suspect that your child has it, our dental professionals at Whitehorse Dental are only a call away for patients in Blackburn, VIC and surrounding areas. Maybe a teeth whitening session, bonding, or even veneers could be the key to restoring your child’s dental health. 

Book an appointment with us today and ensure your family’s smiles stay healthy and bright!